Architectural Engineering Thesis 2011

R. Bryan Peiffer

Structural Option

 
Note: While great efforts have been taken to provide accurate and complete information on the pages of CPEP, please be aware that the information contained herewith is considered a work‐in‐progress for this thesis project. Modifications and changes related to the original building designs and construction methodologies for this senior thesis project are solely the interpretation of Bryan Peiffer Changes and discrepancies in no way imply that the original design contained errors or was flawed. Differing assumptions, code references, requirements, and methodologies have been incorporated into this thesis project; therefore, investigation results may vary from the original design.

 

Building Statistics Part 1:
General Building Information
Building Name:
Three PNC PLaza
Location:
Pittsburgh, PA
Occupant:
PNC, Reed Smith, Fairmont Hotels & Resorts
Function:
Mixed-Use
Size:
780,000 SF
Height:
361 feet
Number of Stories:
23 Floors above grade, 3 Parking Levels Underground
Construction Dates:
August 2006-October 2009
Total Building Cost:
$179 Million
Delivery Method:
Construction Managment at Risk

 

Project Team
Owner:
The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.
Owner's Agent:
Oxford Development Co.
Design Architect:
Gensler
Local Architect of Record:
Astorino
LEED Consultant:
Paladino & Company
General Contractor:
P.J. Dick
Engineer:
Chester Engineers and CJL Engineering

 

Architecture
Three PNC Plaza is 23-story mixed use high-rise building located in the center of Downtown Pittsburgh. The erection of Three PNC Plaza was significant to the city of Pittsburgh since it is the first new high-rise building built in the downtown area in 20 years. The property includes 326,000 square feet of office space, 185 room Fairmont Hotel, 28 unit luxury condominium unit, restaurants and retail space, and 334 underground parking spaces. The structural steel framed building features a unique granite/limestone facade at the street level that is met with a glass and aluminum curtain wall.

 

Major National Building Codes
Inernational Building Code 2003
International Mechanical Code 2003
Internationl Energy Conservation Code 2003
International Electircal Code and National Electric Code
International Fire Code 2003

 

Project Team
Owner:
The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.
Owner's Agent:
Oxford Development Co.
Design Architect:
Gensler
Local Architect of Record:
Astorino
LEED Consultant:
Paladino & Company
General Contractor:
P.J. Dick
Engineer:
Chester Engineers and CJL Engineering

 

Zoning
Three PNC Plaza was built following the zoning requirements of the City of Pittsburgh Zoning. More information has been requested.

 

Building Enclosures
Information for the building facade and roofing has been requested.

 

Historical Info
During the excavation at the site of Three PNC Plaza archaeologists from Christine Davis Consultants discovered over 25,000 artifacts. The artifacts were found in a series of 13 brick-lined wells buried up to 26 feet beneath Fifth Avenue. The artifacts found at the site were in the time period dating from 1830 to 1865. These wells were used by Pittsburgh's earliest merchants and boarding houses. Several of the artifacts found at the site will be able to be seen in the new Fairmont Hotel located within the building.

 

Sustainability Features
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc. has been committed to building green since 2000. They have more newly constructed building certified by the U.S. Green Building Council than any other company in the world. The goals for Three PNC Plaza followed this trend and set out to be one of the nations largest LEED certified, mixed-use Buildings. The green design elements used to achieve this rating include among others:
 
- Miniumum of 50% of construction materials made from green and/or recycled materials
 
- Use of natural light and high efficiency heating and cooling systems
 
- Use of refrigerants that minimize the amissions depleting the ozone
 
- Deconsturction instead of demolition of existing buildings to reuse more than 65% of materials
 
- Public park adjacent to Three PNC Plaza measuring approximatley 8,000 SF

 

Structural System
The primary super structure of Three PNC Plaza consist of structural steel columns and beams with a composite floor system. The exterior of the building is ocvered by a curtain wall system. The composite floor system is composed of 2" 18-guage metal floor decking with 3-1/2" light weight concrete, netting a total thickness of 5-1/2". The concrete portion of the slab is reinforced with one layer of 6x6-W2.1xW2.1 wielded wire fabric. The composite deck transfers its load to fill beams that are typically placed 10'-0" on center and primarly W21x44 beams and W24x62 girders. The structural column size used in the building ranges from W14x68 to W14x740. The foundation system used for Three PNC Plaza consists of four different size caissons ranging from 48" to 60" in diamter. The main later force resist system used in the building consists of several concrete shear walls located throughout the center of the building.

 

Electiral System
The primary electiral service for Three PNC Plaza will be six 1,000kVA transformer vaults. Each vault will typically be 20' long, 6'wide, 8' deep, and feed by two 4" 40-PVC conduits that are encased in concrete. The office electrical services will be handled by a 2,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker. Hotel electrical services will be handled by a 3,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker. The condo and retail electrical services will be handled by a 1,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker. The house mechanical electrical services will be handled by a 4,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker.

 

Lighting System
The primary electiral service for Three PNC Plaza will be six 1,000kVA transformer vaults. Each vault will typically be 20' long, 6'wide, 8' deep, and feed by two 4" 40-PVC conduits that are encased in concrete. The office electrical services will be handled by a 2,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker. Hotel electrical services will be handled by a 3,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker. The condo and retail electrical services will be handled by a 1,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker. The house mechanical electrical services will be handled by a 4,000A, 480Y/277 volt circuit breaker.

 

Mechanical System
The mechanical system used in the condo portion of the building utilizes high efficiency gas furnaces with sealed combustion and DX colling. The combustion air and furnace vent duct work use common shafts that travel to the roof of the builing. The air cooled condensing units will also be located on the roof of the building above the condos. The hotel portion of the builing has vertical chilled water fan coil units with electrical heat in all of the guest rooms. The public areas in the hotel such as corridors and elevator lobbies also have chilled water fan coil units with electrical heating to offset perimeter heat gain and loss. One 32,000 CFM, energy recovery unit located on the roof povides ventilation air for the guest rooms and public areas.

The office portion of the builing, floors 3 to 13, will have 5 York Solution variable air volume air handling units. These units range from 50 to 95 tons and 20,000 to 38,000 CFM. The first and second floors including the mezzanines will be served by 16 air handling units. These units range from 2,000 CFM to 15,000 CFM. The central plant will have three 600 ton, centrifugal chillers each sized at 37.5% with VFD at 0.559 KW/ton. The central plant will also have three 600 ton, induced draft cooling towers. One 1,600 ton plate and frame heat exchanger is provided for the waterside econmoizer operation. Four 1,200 gpm, variable flow, primary chilled water pumps with VFD along with four 1,800 gpm, condenser water pumps are provided.

 

Fire Protection System
The sprinkler system for the garage portion of the builing has two dry pipes serving 50% of the area. The sprinkler heads located in this area should cover approximatley 130 square feet. The first level of the builing will have the retail areas sprinklers covering 130 square feet and the lobbies are covered 225 square feet for each sprinkler head. The second level of the builing will have the Hotel bar, meeting rooms, prefunction and ballroom areas all sprinklered at 225 square feet per a head. The back of the house is sprinklered at 130 square feet per head. Office and hotel areas in the builing are sprinklered at 225 square feet per a head. The stand pipes for the builing are located in each stairwell with the valves at the intermediate landings. The first floor to the seventh floor will be supplies from the street pressure. The eight floor to the twenty third floor have a 750 GPM fire pump.